Description
Sodium benzoate is a widely used food preservative that is the sodium salt of benzoic acid. It appears as a white, crystalline powder and is effective in preventing the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds, especially in acidic foods and drinks. It is often labeled with the E number E211 in food products
Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder or granules |
| Odor | Odorless or slightly benzoin-like |
| Taste | Slightly sweet, astringent taste |
| Melting point (decomposes) | ~300 °C (decomposes without melting) |
| Boiling point | Not applicable (organic salt) |
| Solubility in water | ~630 g/L at 20 °C (very soluble) |
| Solubility in ethanol | Slightly soluble |
| Density | ~1.44 g/cm³ |
| pH (1% solution) | ~7.0 – 8.0 (neutral to slightly alkaline) |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Vapor pressure | Negligible |
Uses
Food and Beverages: It’s commonly found in acidic foods and beverages like soda, fruit juices, salad dressings, pickles, and jams. It’s an antifungal and antibacterial agent that prevents spoilage by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms like mold, yeast, and some bacteria.
Cosmetics and Personal Care Products: It’s used as a preservative in products such as shampoos, lotions, mouthwash, and toothpaste to prevent spoilage.
Pharmaceuticals: It serves as a preservative in some liquid medications like cough syrups and is also used in higher doses to treat specific medical conditions, such as high blood ammonia levels.
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