Description
PEG 400 is a specific, low-molecular-weight form of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with an average molecular weight of 400 g/mol. It’s a clear, colorless, viscous, and water-soluble liquid used in various applications due to its low toxicity and strong hydrophilic (water-attracting) properties.
Chemical Properties
| Property | Description |
| Chemical Name | Polyethylene Glycol 400 |
| Common Abbreviation | PEG 400 |
| Chemical Formula | HO–(C₂H₄O)ₙ–H |
| Average Molecular Weight | ~380–420 g/mol |
| Chemical Nature | Polyether compound |
| Functional Groups | Hydroxyl (–OH) end groups |
| Reactivity | Chemically stable under normal conditions |
| Compatibility | Compatible with water, alcohols, glycols, and many organic compounds |
| Solubility | Completely soluble in water; soluble in many organic solvents |
| pH (5% aqueous solution) | Approximately 5.0 – 7.0 |
| Hygroscopicity | Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from air) |
| Oxidation | Resistant to oxidation |
| Hydrolysis | Stable under neutral and mild acidic or alkaline conditions |
| Flammability | Low flammability |
| Decomposition | Decomposes at high temperatures producing carbon oxides |
PEG 400 is valued for its unique properties and is used across various applications:
Uses and Applications
PEG 400 is a versatile substance with a wide range of uses across multiple industries:
- Pharmaceuticals: It’s a common inactive ingredient or excipient in drug formulations. Its main role is to act as a solvent to dissolve poorly water-soluble drugs, enhancing their solubility and bioavailability. It’s also used in topical creams, ointments, and eye drops for lubrication and to provide temporary relief from dry eyes.
- Cosmetics and Personal Care: It functions as a humectant (retains moisture), solvent, and emulsifier in products like lotions, creams, and soaps. Its ability to attract and hold water makes it great for moisturizing the skin.
- Industrial Applications: Due to its lubricating and non-volatile properties, it’s used as a lubricant in various processes, a plasticizer in plastics, and a solvent for inks and dyes.
- Food Industry: PEG 400 is also approved as a food additive, functioning as an anti-foaming agent and a carrier for flavors.
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